September 2010
M T W T F S S
« Jul    
 12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
27282930  

怀孕饮食注意点

孕早期补充多种维生素和适量叶酸
50天左右的婴儿胚芽约为花生般大小,在孕早期应象准备期一样,通过补充叶酸来预防神经管畸形。但不宜过量,否则会导致多胎妊娠,孩子生长发育不良。
叶酸理想日摄入量为0.8毫克。在孕早期服用孕妇专用含有叶酸的多种维生素,如罗氏公司的爱乐维,不仅能有预防神经管畸形,还能帮助减轻早孕时的呕吐等妊娠反应。
此外,在孕早期,由于妊娠反应,很多孕妇担心孩子的发育而强迫自己吃这吃那,但往往都会吐得一干二净,其实在孕早期,不用太担心孩子的发育,
在吃东西方面顺其自然,只要是想吃的,稀饭、榨菜都可以。

孕中期补钙及合理营养摄入
孕中期,也是体内胎儿生长发育对营养需要最关键的时候。除了补充多种维生素和叶酸外,胎儿的生长需要蛋白质的摄入,
如牛奶、鸡蛋、鱼、虾、肉、牛肉等。但并不是营养摄入的越多,对胎儿的发育就越好。
以下是苏琦枫教授为孕妇开出的日营养健康菜单,查看一下你是否摄入营养超标。
此外,补钙在孕中期也非常重要。小腿抽筋或是牙齿有些松动,是缺钙的信号。但钙补到36周就可,以避免婴儿头颅发育太硬,自然分娩时头部不易挤压。
总之,孕中期的营养是整个孕期最为关键的阶段。
孕中期孕妇每日健康菜单
一瓶牛奶/豆浆一个鸡蛋(炖、蒸都可)一斤蔬菜每顿100克荤菜一个水果(西瓜一斤即可)
一些海产品(紫菜、虾皮、海菜)一些豆制品主食每顿100克(米饭/馒头/面包/面条)餐后一小时做一些运动

孕晚期勿需乱补,控制体重
在怀孕的最后三个月里,每天的主食需要增加到800克,牛奶也要增加到2瓶,荤菜每顿也可增加到150克。
同时还需要注意自己是否脚肿,以避免贫血的发生。专家同时建议,孕晚期勿需大量进补,孕妇的过度肥胖和巨大儿的发生对母子双方健康都不利。
孕妇在怀孕期的体重增加12公斤为正常,不要超过15公斤,否则体重超标极易引起妊娠期糖尿病,
最新的临床显示,妊娠期糖尿病患者在分娩后40%的人还会有糖尿病。新生婴儿的重量也非越重越好,6-7斤为最标准的体重。
5斤是及格体重,从医学角度看,超过8斤属于巨大儿,现在上海巨大儿发生率9%,巨大儿产后对营养的需求量大,
但自身摄入能力有限,所以更容易生病,此外巨大儿母亲产道损伤、产后出血概率也比较高。
准妈妈应注意营养的摄入,但同时也该注意到有些饮食会对自己或者胎儿会产生不良影响。

1)“孕妇”不宜吃的食物。
1. 芦荟:中国食品科学技术学会提供的资料显示,怀孕中的妇女若饮用芦荟汁,会导致骨盆出血,甚至造成流产。
对于生产后的女性,芦荟的成分混入乳汁,会刺激孩子,引起下痢。芦荟本身就含有一定的毒素,中毒剂量为9–15克。
大家一般可能会在食用后8–12小时内出现恶心、呕吐、剧烈腹痛、腹泻、出血性胃炎等中毒反应。
2. 螃蟹:它味道鲜美,但其性寒凉,有活血祛瘀之功,故对孕妇不利,尤其是蟹爪,有明显的堕胎作用;
3. 甲鱼:虽然它具有滋阴益肾的功效,但是甲鱼性味咸寒,有着较强的通血络、散瘀块作用,因而有一定堕胎之弊,尤其是鳖甲的堕胎之力比鳖肉更强;
4. 薏米:是一种药食同源之物,中医认为其质滑利。药理实验证明,薏仁对子宫平滑肌有兴奋作用,可促使子宫收缩,因而有诱发流产的可能;
5. 马齿苋:它既是草药又可作菜食用,其药性寒凉而滑利。实验证明,马齿苋汁对于子宫有明显的兴奋作用,能使子宫收缩次数增多、强度增大,易造成流产。

2)“孕妇”不宜多吃的食物。
1. 含咖啡因的饮料和食品:咖啡、可可、茶叶、巧克力和可乐型饮料中均含有咖啡因。计划怀孕的女性或孕妇大量饮用后,
均会出现恶心、呕吐、头痛、心跳加快等症状。咖啡因还会通过胎盘进入胎儿体内,刺激胎儿兴奋,影响胎儿大脑、心脏和肝脏等器官的正常发育,
使胎儿出生后体重较轻。因此,计划怀孕的女性与孕妇尽量少吃此类食品。
2. 辛辣食物:辣椒、胡椒、花椒等调味品刺激性较大,若计划怀孕的女性或孕妇食用大量这类食品后,会出现消化功能的障碍。因此,尽可能避免摄入此类食品。
3. 酒:酒精是导致胎儿畸形和智力低下的重要因素。
4. 糖:糖在人体内的代谢会大量消耗钙,孕期钙的缺乏,会影响胎儿牙齿、骨骼的发育。糖还会造成孕妇超重。
5. 味精:味精的成分是谷氨酸钠,进食过多可影响锌的吸收,不利于胎儿神经系统的发育。
6. 人参、桂圆:中医认为孕妇多数阴血偏虚,食用人参会引起气盛阴耗,加重早孕反应、水肿和高血压等;桂圆辛温助阳,孕妇食用后易动血动胎。
另外,罐头食品中含有的添加剂和防腐剂,是导致畸胎和流产的危险因素。火锅在短时间内的加温并不能将存在于肉类中的致病菌或寄生虫完全消灭。
油条在制作过程中使用的明矾是一种含铝的无机物。铝可通过胎盘侵入胎儿大脑,影响胎儿智力的发育。
铝在体内的增多,还会抑制孕妇对铁质的吸收,可加重贫血。因此,孕妇也应尽量避免食用此类食品。

不,我们是有意的

种子播下了
开始发芽了
对于这有意栽下的
树苗
需要用全心去呵护

现在也会变成未来的美好回忆

刚刚整理了一下以前的邮箱

不禁感叹

时间过得好快哦

六年了

从前的一点一滴又浮现在了眼前

我们都变了

曾经稚嫩的脸上多了皱纹,多了沧桑

曾经一次次的分分合合

让我现在想来都热泪盈眶

过去的日子

苦也好,幸福也好

都变成昨天让我们回味、让我们感动、让我们为之骄傲的回忆

我很欣慰,我们走到了今天

虽然住在一个小小屋子里面

虽然也会经常抱怨

但每天早醒来,看着孩子一般的他

我有一种莫大的知足

我相信他说的一句话

现在也终会变成未来的美好回忆

而我也始终相信

带着梦想生活的我们会很幸福

windows 快捷方式 -网上的,收藏之

F1 帮助
F2 改名
F3 搜索
F4 地址
F5 刷新
F6 切换
F10菜单

Continue reading windows 快捷方式 -网上的,收藏之

High-water Mark

High-water Mark

This is a term used with table segments stored in the database. If you envision a table, for example, as a ‘flat’ structure or as a series of blocks laid one after the other in a line from left to right, the high-water mark (HWM) would be the rightmost block that ever contained data, as illustrated in Figure 10-1.

+---- high water mark of newly created table
|
V
+--------------------------------------------------------+
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

      high water mark after inserting 10,000 rows
                                    |
                                    v
+--------------------------------------------------------+
|x |x |x |x |x |x |x |x |x |x |x |x |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|x |x |x |x |x |x |x |x |x |x |x |x |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

      high water mark after inserting 10,000 rows
                                    |
                                    v
+--------------------------------------------------------+
|x |x |x |x |x |x |x |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|x |x |x |x |x |x |x |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

Figure 10-1. Depiction of an HWM

Figure 10-1 shows that the HWM starts at the first block of a newly created table. As data is placed into the table over time and more blocks get used, the HWM rises. If we delete some (or even all) of the rows in the table, we might have many blocks that no longer contain data, but they are still under the HWM, and they will remain under the HWM until the object is rebuilt, truncated, or shrunk (shrinking of a segment is a new Oracle 10g feature that is supported only if the segment is in an ASSM tablespace).

The HWM is relevant since Oracle will scan all blocks under the HWM, even when they contain no data, during a full scan. This will impact the performance of a full scan¿especially if most of the blocks under the HWM are empty. To see this, just create a table with 1,000,000 rows (or create any table with a large number of rows), and then execute a SELECT COUNT(*) from this table. Now, DELETE every row in it and you will find that the SELECT COUNT(*) takes just as long (or longer, if you need to clean out the block! Refer to the ‘Block Cleanout’ section of Chapter 9) to count 0 rows as it did to count 1,000,000. This is because Oracle is busy reading all of the blocks below the HWM to see if they contain data. You should compare this to what happens if you used TRUNCATE on the table instead of deleting each individual row. TRUNCATE will reset the HWM of a table back to ‘zero’ and will truncate the associated indexes on the table as well. If you plan on deleting every row in a table, TRUNCATE¿if it can be used¿would be the method of choice for this reason.

In an MSSM tablespace, segments have a definite HWM. In an ASSM tablespace, however, there is an HWM and a low HWM. In MSSM, when the HWM is advanced (e.g., as rows are inserted), all of the blocks are formatted and valid, and Oracle can read them safely. With ASSM, however, when the HWM is advanced Oracle doesn¿t format all of the blocks immediately¿they are only formatted and made safe to read upon their first use. So, when full scanning a segment, we have to know if the blocks to be read are ’safe’ or unformatted (meaning they contain nothing of interest and we do not process them). To make it so that not every block in the table need go through this safe/not safe check, Oracle maintains a low HWM and a HWM. Oracle will full scan the table up to the HWM¿and for all of the blocks below the low HWM, it will just read and process them. For blocks between the ‘low HWM’ and the HWM, it must be more careful and refer to the ASSM bitmap information used to manage these blocks in order to see which of them it should read and which it should just ignore.